A sebaceous cyst is a common, non-cancerous (benign) lump that develops under the skin. While people often use the term “sebaceous cyst” to describe any skin bump, true sebaceous cysts are less common than epidermoid cysts. Both are generally harmless but can be bothersome if they grow large or become infected.
1. Common Symptoms
These cysts are usually slow-growing and painless. Key features include:
Appearance: A small, round bump under the skin, often with a tiny blackhead (pore) at the center.
Texture: They are typically firm and can be moved slightly with your fingers.
Location: Most common on the face, neck, back, and torso.
Contents: They are filled with a thick, yellowish, “cheesy” substance (keratin or sebum) that may have a foul odor if the cyst ruptures.
2. Causes
Cysts form when a gland or hair follicle becomes blocked. This can happen due to:
Skin Trauma: A scratch, surgical wound, or acne.
Blocked Gland: Oil (sebaceous) glands or hair follicles getting clogged, trapping skin cells and oil underneath.
Genetics: Some people are more prone to developing them due to inherited conditions like Gardner syndrome.
3. Treatment Options
If a cyst isn’t bothering you, it usually doesn’t require treatment. However, if it becomes inflamed or unsightly, a doctor may recommend:
| Treatment | Description |
| Warm Compress | Applying heat at home can help the cyst drain or shrink on its own. |
| Steroid Injection | A doctor may inject a steroid to reduce inflammation and swelling. |
| Incision & Drainage | The doctor makes a small cut and squeezes out the contents. (High chance of recurrence if the sac isn’t removed). |
| Surgical Excision | The most effective method; the doctor removes the entire cyst and its sac to prevent it from growing back. |
| Antibiotics | Prescribed if the cyst becomes infected (red, painful, or leaking pus). |
4. When to See a Doctor
You should have a professional look at the bump if:
It grows rapidly or becomes very large.
It becomes painful, red, or warm to the touch (signs of infection).
It is in a location that causes constant irritation (like where a bra strap or collar sits).
It ruptures or begins to drain a foul-smelling fluid.
Important: Never try to squeeze, pop, or drain a cyst yourself. Doing so can push the infection deeper or cause significant scarring, making it much harder for a doctor to remove later